Summary: During the late 1920s in the United States, syphilis rates were extreme
Summary:
During the late 1920s in the United States, syphilis rates were extremely high in some areas. The private Rosenwald Foundation teamed with the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) to begin efforts to control the disease using the drug neosalvarsan, an arsenic compound. Macon County, Alabama, particularly the town of Tuskegee, was targeted because of its high rate of syphilis, as identified through a survey. However, the Great Depression derailed the plans, and the private foundation withdrew from the work. The USPHS repeated the Rosenwald survey in Macon County and identified a syphilis rate of 22% among African American men in the county and a 62% rate of congenital syphilis cases. The natural history (progression) of syphilis had not been studied yet in the United States, and the surgeon general suggested that 399 African American men with syphilis in Tuskegee should be observed, rather than treated, and compared with a group of 200 African American men who were uninfected. The men were not told about the particular details of their disease. They underwent painful, nontherapeutic spinal taps to provide data about the natural history of syphilis and were told these procedures were treatments for “bad blood.” The men were given free meals, medical treatment for diseases other than their syphilis, and free burials. Even after penicillin was discovered in the 1940s, the men were not offered treatment. In fact, the USPHS researchers arranged to keep the uninformed study participants out of World War II because the men would be tested for syphilis, treated with penicillin, and lost from the study. The unethical research continued for 40 years, from 1932 to 1972. During the 40 years of research, an astonishing number of articles about the study were published in medical journals, and no attempt was made to hide the surreptitious terms of the research. No one intervened to stop the travesty. Finally, a medical reporter learned of the study, and the ethical issues were exposed.
Answer the following questions:
1. What were the main social issues with ethical implications involved in this study? Which bioethical principles were violated by the Tuskegee study? Explain.
2. Which procedures are in place today to prevent this type of unethical research?
3. What ANA Code of Ethics provision or provisions (including subsection) are involved in this case? For each provision that you cite, say what you think you should do based on that provision. If you were to follow the guidance provided in this provision, what would that look like? How would you act? What would you say?
Required and Recommended textbook and Resources:
Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. I. (2019). Nursing ethics:
Across the curriculum and into practice (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones &
Bartlett Learning.
Recommended Resources:
·
ANA Code of Ethics:
https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursingexcellence/ethics/
·
ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses:
https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inlinefiles/2012_ICN_Codeofethicsfornurses_%20eng.pdf
XI. Methods of Teaching/Instruction
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During the late 1920s in the United States, syphilis rates were extreme appeared first on blitzarchive.com.