QUESTION 1 “A morally good end can only be served by means that are morally good,” was is supported

QUESTION 1
“A morally good end can only be served by means that are morally good,” was is supported by which theory?
Formalism
Stoicism
Utilitarianism
Virtue ethics
1 points

QUESTION 2
“If momma’s happy, everyone’s happy,” (regardless of what makes her happy) would fall under which theory?
Virtue ethics
Formalism
Utilitarianism
kingdom of ends
1 points

QUESTION 3
“Money does not buy happiness,” refers to the fact that monetary wealth does not necessarily-by itself-bring happiness. True happiness involves __________ and personal development rather than the acquisition of goods.
morals
ethics
values
virtues
1 points

QUESTION 4
A Christian who seeks to please God in all of his/her decisions in order for him/her to get to Heaven, upon his/her death would fall under which theory?
Formalism
Hedonism
Utilitarianism
Virtue ethics
1 points

QUESTION 5
A formalistic (formalism-Kant) argument has been made in support of physician assisted suicide via “voluntary euthanasia”.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 6

According to Kidder, which of the following type of issue does not apply when assisting a patient end his/her life?

Justice v mercy

Short term v long term

Individual v community

all of the above

1 points

QUESTION 7
According to Mills, rapture (complete and absolute happiness at all times) is not sought in one’s lifetime; usually, people are seeking more pleasurable moments to outweigh the unpleasurable moments which they will define themselves as being “happy”.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 8
According to Mills, the proper role of a defense attorney may be twisted and misapplied in an effort to pursue personal success over the public good.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 9
An example of a factual judgment would be which of the following?
The woman has slept with a lot of men; therefore, she is a whore.
The temperature today is 60 degrees.
The man’s outfit does not match.
None of the above.
1 points

QUESTION 10
Both Kohlberg’s and Gilligan’s theories have been validated regarding their explanations in a way that distinguishes the moral reasoning of people of different ages and genders. No other influences regarding ethical behaviors exist.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 11
Cesare Beccaria supported capital punishment and believed it to be a greater punishment than life imprisonment.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 12
Choosing to exercise to lose weight is an example of which of the following, according to Kant?
Categorical imperative
Practical imperative
Hypothetical imperative
Moral imperative
1 points

QUESTION 13
Etiquette refers to the proper manner for people to behave in social situations; whereas, morals refers to choosing right over wrong.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 14

Examples of categorical imperatives (according to Kant) include which of the following?

medical skill, diet (to lose weight), pleasure

food, shelter, and health

sex, wealth, and power

Do God’s will

1 points

QUESTION 15
I seek pleasure, wealth, fame, and power. What kind of goods am I seeking?
Real
Apparent
Social
Bodily
1 points

QUESTION 16
If I seek inner peace through self control, abstinence, and submission to the will of God, I would believe in what type of philosophy?
Stoicism
Hedonism
Aristotlism
Socratism
1 points

QUESTION 17
If a Supreme court judge cites international law and foreign judgments to support its decisions regarding the usage of capital punishment for juveniles who commit violent crimes and does so in a manner that supports the individual judge’s personal beliefs/motives, which of the theories would find this unethical?
Formalism
Virtue ethics
Utility
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 18
If a correctional officer smuggles cigarettes, cash, or drugs into the prison for a convict, this would be called?
Selective punishments
Preferential treatment
Harsh treatments
Bartering
1 points

QUESTION 19
If a jury is advised to “send a message” with their verdict, this is an example of which of Kidder’s issues regarding “right v right”?

Justice v mercy
Short term v long term
Individual v community
Truth v loyalty
1 points

QUESTION 20
If a married couple is in a heated argument and the husband belittles the wife continuously, throughout the argument, but the wife refuses (intellectually) to “throw back” some equal “put downs,” she could be said to have good __________.
Sense
Strength
Courage
Character
1 points

QUESTION 21
If a person has multiple interests such as being outdoors, art, exercise, reading, and politics; he/she is said to __________.
Selfish
Have a cultivated mind
Seeking pleasure.
Seeking pain.
1 points

QUESTION 22
If a person is said to have a “scarcity mentality,” then he/she would feel
Happy for an individual who they were competing with for a position for the presidency of a company.
Not happy for a person who just got the job that he/she deserved him/herself.
Wouldn’t be concerned either way.
Would seek revenge.
1 points

QUESTION 23
If a person provides a comfortable life (food, shelter, clothing, etc) for his/her family and is content, then he/she is said to have __________.
Intellectual virtue
Moral virtue
Apparent goods
stoicism
1 points

QUESTION 24
If a person states that he/she “does not want to pay their taxes because the government misspends money and won’t miss my contribution anyway,” which would be a bad universal rule, is an example of __________.
Categorical imperative
Practical imperative
Hypothetical imperative
Moral imperative
1 points

QUESTION 25
If a police officer was not trained during their academy training to use their vehicle to ram a get-away vehicle used in the commission of a robbery but rammed the suspect’s vehicle anyway and captured the suspect; it is said to be an example of what type of police corruption?
malfeasance
misfeasance
nonfeasance
feasance
1 points

QUESTION 26
If it was determined that capital punishment contributes to the civil peace (real good) and that its imposition is just (gives an offender what she/he is due), then capital punishment would be supported by which of the following theories?
Formalism
Virtue ethics
Utility
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 27
If you decide to wear a wrinkled suit to work because you do not have time to iron it, your decision is considered to have moral content; thus, making it an unethical decision.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 28
In CJT 2800, when we do class assignments in groups and we attempt to examine the problem from different perspectives and argue those perspectives in a respectful manner to determine a course of action, it is called __________.
Critical thinking
Abstract knowledge
Debating
Moral formalism
1 points

QUESTION 29
In order for utility to work properly, individuals must do which of the following?
Must weigh the consequences towards themselves
Must weigh the consequences to others;
The weighing of both A and B must be equal
The weighing of both A and B must be impartial
1 points

QUESTION 30
In the 2004 New Jersey DNA case, the judge’s responsibilities during the trial included which of the following?
ruling on evidence
ruling on guilt or innocence
ruling on sentencing choices
ruling on jury venue and selection
1 points

QUESTION 31
In the case example of PGPD’s K-9 officer, Stephanie Mohr (who was found guilty of excessive use of force/violating civil rights), Officer Mohr’s defense is that she was trained to have her dog bite offenders who were fleeing the scene or making an aggressive move. This would be an example of what type of corruption?
external-government factors (political)
individual-specific officer has a problem (anger?)
departmental-issue may deal with conditions which promote an unethical atmosphere.
none of the above
1 points

QUESTION 32
John Rawl’s theory of justice states which of the following:
each person is free and worthy of respect
liberty is restricted only out of respect for the liberty of others
social and economic opportunities must be open to all even though outcomes may be different
social and economic opportunities must be open to all and the outcomes must be the same
1 points

QUESTION 33
Kantian ethics holds to the idea that “truth is a possession, not a right to which can be granted to one person but refused to another….it is not a duty which should be held in all circumstances.”
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 34
Loyalty is a
virtue
ethic
moral
good attribute
1 points

QUESTION 35
Many agencies are NOT requiring regular ethics training because of financial constraints.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 36
Moral conviction is based upon one’s personal viewpoint. It is not a matter of judgment nor actions according to objective principles.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 37
Morals is the study of the application of ethics; whereas, ethics are good behaviors guided by rules of proper action.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 38
Mrs. GW does not think it is proper for her (self) to wear provocative clothing in front of her children. This is called __________.
Value judgment
Factual judgment
Morals
Ethics
1 points

QUESTION 39
Police Codes of Ethics provide guidance for every possible situation a police officer might face during his/her career.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 40
Regarding sex offender registration/notification, which theory would require an objective weighing of the potential “costs” (impeding offender reform, incorrect addresses, possible vigilante behavior by the public) versus the “benefits” (public knowledge of the locations of former sex offenders)?
Virtue ethics
Formalism
Utilitarianism
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 41
Regarding the “Miller v Pate” case (where the prosecutor attempted to conceal evidence during a trial), the idea of the prosecution misconduct takes place because “it works” would be considered just blatantly wrong. Who would support this way of thought?
Kant
Aristotle
Mills
All of the above
1 points

QUESTION 42
Regarding the 10 moral virtues, which virtue is being sought if the defect for the virtue is seeking only to satisfy oneself and the excess to the virtue is not allowing yourself satisfaction (at all)?
courage
prudence
wittiness
temperance
1 points

QUESTION 43

Regarding the Chandler, Arizona Police Department, which of the following tactics have been implemented to improve proper ethical responses to ethical dilemmas?

Creating newly written entry test

Including ethical dilemmas in oral interviews.

Increasing the amount of time supervisors spend on the street with their squads.

Regular employee evaluations.

1 points

QUESTION 44
Regarding the New Jersey DNA case, which of the following theories would hold to the belief that the DNA evidence held on file after the person had served his/her sentence is fine because you should focus less on the act committed and more on the character of the person who committed it and how a sentence would work to achieve real goods in accord with moral virtues?
Virtue ethics (Aristotle)
Formalism (Kant
Utilitarianism (Mills)
None of the above
1 points

QUESTION 45
Regarding the Olga Korbut case example of shoplifting and the officer trying to weigh whether or not to let her go because of her popularity (and the fact that the officer wants her autograph) or make the arrest; which of the following theories would see the consequence(s) of the arrest of Ms. Korbut outweighing the individual benefit (consequence) of obtaining an autograph?
Utilitarianism (Mill)
Virtue ethics (Aristotle)
Formalism (Kant)
Morality (Socrates)
1 points

QUESTION 46
Regarding the Unabomber case, Mills would support the ideal that the publication would be pursuing civil peace but would question whether or not it was in accord with moral virtues.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 47
Regarding the laws which have been passed to support pharmacists denial of filling a prescriiption due to his/her moral stance, who would support these laws on the premise that “if the pharmacist reasoning for not filling the prescriiption is done through his/her religious beliefs and not out of any ill will towards the patient, then it is okay.” A prescriiption for birth control is an apparent good, not a real good.
Aristotle
Kant
Mills
none
1 points

QUESTION 48
Regarding the question of whether or not limits should be on whether or not people should be prosecuted for lying when they are lying about noncriminal conduct (during an investigation of a crime): If someone views this situation in objective terms to determine whether the total happiness outweighed the pain caused by the lies, the person is said to ascribe to which of the following views?
formalism
utilitarianism
virtue ethics
conflict
1 points

QUESTION 49
Terry v Ohio is related to which of the following amendments of the Bill of Rights of the U. S. Constitution?
5th amendment
1st amendment
4th amendment
8th amendment
1 points

QUESTION 50
Terry v Ohio, stop and frisk types of searches, are allowed to be conducted on:
the outer garments of the person with the intent of searching for dangerous weapons only.
Any part of the person, searching for dangerous weapons only.
Intrusive-cavity searches for any weapons or drug paraphernalia.
Any bags that a person has in their possession.
1 points

QUESTION 51
The Declaration of Independence reference to “all men being treated equal,” according to Kant, would include the ideal that men are equal in moral terms as well, would be an example of what type of imperative?
Practical
Categorical
Hyopothetical
Moral
1 points

QUESTION 52
The Macy’s case involving racial and ethnic profiling and the victims seeking compensation for their suffering is an example of what type of case?
Criminal
Civil
Compensatory
Ethical ?Violation
1 points

QUESTION 53
The Miranda warnings pertain to which amendment of the Bill of Rights, U.S. Constitution?
4th amendment
1st amendment
8th amendemnt
5th amendment
1 points

QUESTION 54
The burden of proof in a criminal case is:
Preponderance of Evidence
Ethical Preponderance
Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
Criminal Proof
1 points

QUESTION 55
The forfeiture laws are intended to deter which of the following:
mob lawyer representation
mob lawyers being paid with illegal funds earned through illegal activities (mob related)
prosecutors accepting bribes to provide a favorable outcome for mob defendants
None of the above
1 points

QUESTION 56
The goal of virtue ethics is moral duty; whereas, the goal of formalism is that life is most desirable, achieved by pursuing real goods through virtuous action, resulting in ethical happiness.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 57
The idea of an ideal state being rational human beings are united through common, objective universal laws that apply to everyone is called __________.
Categorical imperative
Practical imperative
Hypothetical imperative
Kingdom of ends
1 points

QUESTION 58
The main issue with Police Codes of Ethics is :
The codes are not clear and precise
The codes are not applicable to all situations
The types of statements found in police codes of ethics are conflicting-statements of principles (expectations of the code) v statements of requirements (expectations of conduct from police officers).
There are none.
1 points

QUESTION 59
The primary issue with sex offender registry is the fact that the convicted sex offender continues to pay for his/her crime, after they have served their time.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 60
The view which is based on the premise that behavior is made criminal as a result of the personal opinions of those in position of power and authority is called __________.
conflict view
consensus view
moral view
utility view
1 points

QUESTION 61
Using sentencing guidelines to control prison population is NOT supported by which of the following theories?
Formalism
Virtue ethics
Utility
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 62
Virtue ethics and formalism focus on the potential positive and negative impacts to determine the morality of the practice; whereas, utility focuses more closely on the practice itself, regardless of its outcome.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 63
Virtue ethics is based on the idea that if a person seeks the right things in the proper ways, the result will be a morally virtuous person engaging in ethical conduct.
True

False

1 points

QUESTION 64
What is the goal of Moral Recognition Therapy?
Provide academic opportunities
Provide workforce development opportunities
Promote higher levels of moral thinking of offenders
Provide for a better understanding of why the offender is serving time.
1 points

QUESTION 65
What test of measurement is used to help determine you baseline for your ethical standpoint?
The Day Test
The 24 Hour Test
The Ethical Dilemma Test
The Ethical Response Test
1 points

QUESTION 66
When a person has good rules which the follow and provides them with direction; a good conscience which directs them in the right direction; and the courage to do the right thing….they have:
Ethics
Values
Good Character
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 67
When deciding whether or not to prosecute a case, the prosecutor can do which of the following?
set priorities (which cases should be heard before others)
concentrate on certain types of cases (only felony crimes against persons)
avoid other cases (misdemeanor property crimes)
None of the above
1 points

QUESTION 68
When in the moment of an ethical decision, if one is aware of the fact that they are in an “ethical moment,” it is called __________
Ethics
Moral awareness
Ethical awareness
Virtuatous
1 points

QUESTION 69
When judging ethical conduct, which of the following prescribes to formalism?
Good conduct cannot be prescribed. Individual acts can be misleading unless they come from “a firm and unchangeable character.”
Virtue is a mean that aims at the intermediate and avoids excess and defect.
Follow moral virtues.
Assess actions according to categorical and practical imperatives; consequences of actions do not bear on moral worthiness.
1 points

QUESTION 70
Which approach to explaining criminal behavior believes that the best remedy to change criminal behaviors is via education and reinforcement in ethical decision making?
classical
ethical
conflict
positivist
1 points

QUESTION 71
Which ethical explanation of crime believes that crime is a result of influences such as personality imbalances, family role models, and peer group pressure?
positivism
classical
conflict
moral
1 points

QUESTION 72
Which explanation of crime is based on the premise that people choose to commit crimes?
Positivist
conflict
classical
moral
1 points

QUESTION 73
Which of the ethical theories would support the ideal of Blacklisting as a fair/just punishment?
Virtue ethics and Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism and Formalism
Formalism and Virtue Ethics
Virtue Ethics only
1 points

QUESTION 74
Which of the following are examples of “quality of life” type of crimes? (Check all that apply.)
drinking in public
playing loud music
jumping subway turnstiles
stealing gum from 7-11
1 points

QUESTION 75
Which of the following are key terms/ideals to utility?
teleological
moral virtue
cultivated mind
duties and inclinations
1 points

QUESTION 76
Which of the following are reasons for the ethical bar rising in the future:
technology
increasing life span
globalization
education
1 points

QUESTION 77
Which of the following are the primary keys to Kantian Ethics (also known as “formalism”)?
Subjectivity and consequences
Moral principal and no concern with consequences
Actions and consequences
Moral principle only
1 points

QUESTION 78
Which of the following does a defense lawyer represent/protect for/of their client?
their client’s guilt
their client’s innocence
their client’s legal rights
their clients reputation
1 points

QUESTION 79
Which of the following fall under the category of “moral virtues,” according to Aristotle?
The ability to do something that frightens someone.
Careful in one’s own interests, discipline of oneself.
To be honest at all times.
The ability to perceive and understand; intelligence.
1 points

QUESTION 80
Which of the following questions should a person who is employed in the field of criminal justice ask him/herself?
What does the law require?
What does departmental policy require?
How would I feel about myself?
What do personal ethics require?
1 points

QUESTION 81
Which of the following standards of proof relates to Terry v Ohio, stop and frisk?
Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
Reasonable suspicion
6th sense
Probable cause
1 points

QUESTION 82
Which of the following statements is an example of the ideal of the categorical imperative?
She said she could call you, but she didn’t.
He said that he would pay you right back, but he didn’t.
She said she would meet you for lunch and she did.
None of the above.
1 points

QUESTION 83
Which of the following steps are necessary when making decisions in an ethical dilemma?
List the relevant facts.
Identify the precise moral question to be answered.
List and think about the moral principles that might be used to support the positions that could be taken.
Make and explain your decision.
Justify your conclusions using positive reasons and ethical principles in support of your decision, anticipating and addressing contrary views.
1 points

QUESTION 84
Which of the following theories believe that sentencing guidelines may help to limit the use of incarceration so that available prison capacity is restricted to serious offenders and habitual offenders, rather than being used for non-serious offenses?
Formalism
Virtue ethics
Utility
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 85
Which of the following theories supports the ideal of punishment (retribution) for past conduct?
formalism
virtue ethics
utility
morals
1 points

QUESTION 86
Which of the following theories would hold to the ideal that a stop and frisk of a person should be conducted under the premises that the stop and frisk is prudent and not excessively cautious or carefree; and just-taking no more/less action that is necessary under the circumstances?
utilitarianism
formalism
virtue ethics
morals
1 points

QUESTION 87
Which of the following theories would support the idea of caning for the purpose of deterrence?
Formalism
Virtue ethics
Utility
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 88
Which of the following theorists sees the justification for plea bargaining?
Aristotle
Kant
Mills
None of the above
1 points

QUESTION 89
Which of the following views is based on the premise that voters (via voting) determine what is illegal behaviors in our country?
conflict view
consensus view
moral view
utility view
1 points

QUESTION 90
Which of the theorists would support the idea that justice does not specify what each person is owed? A just rule or law exists when reasonable persons would accept the rule for themselves.
Aristotle
Kant
Mills
Socrates
1 points

QUESTION 91
Which position (theoretical) would consider the motives and characteristics of each incident regarding the aggressive enforcement of quality of life crimes?
formalism
utilitarianism
virtue ethics
moral virtue
1 points

QUESTION 92
Which theorist focused on the differences in gender regarding ethical development?
Kohlberg
Aristotle
Kant
Gilligan
1 points

QUESTION 93
Which theorist would view the Unabomber case from the perspective of whether the publication of the manifesto would be a good universal rule, regardless of the consequences?
Aristotle
Mills
Kant
Socrates
1 points

QUESTION 94
Which theory promotes the ideal that the punishment should equal the crime and include rehabilitation?
Formalism
Virtue Ethics
Utility
Morals
1 points

QUESTION 95
While Mrs. GW believes that it is not okay to show affection in public; some of her friends believe that it is okay. This is called __________.
Ethical awareness
Moral relativism
Social awareness
Tolerance
1 points

QUESTION 96
While writing your own obituary, you made the statement that you always treated people the way that you wanted to be treated (Golden Rule). Which of the theorists would you hold to?
Kant
Mills
Aristotle
None
1 points

QUESTION 97
You and your new significant other are walking down the street and see an elderly homeless woman who is begging for money. You decide to give the homeless woman $10 to help her and to impress your significant other. Everyone ends up happy: the homeless woman because she has $10; your significant other because he/she has the warm fuzzies-due to your generosity; and you because you got the attention you needed from your significant other. Everyone’s happy!

What theory applies?
Utilitarianism
Formalism
Virtue ethics
Stoicism
1 points

QUESTION 98
You are a police officer responding to an accident scene. One of the vehicles bursts into flames and the driver is still in it. You pull out the driver, prior to the gas tank exploding. The ambulance transports the driver to the hospital for treatment. Later, you find out that you dislocated the driver’s shoulder while pulling the driver out of the burning vehicle.

Of the following theorists, who would advise that you did the right thing by removing the driver from the vehicle, regardless if your actions caused the driver’s shoulder to dislocate?
Aristotle
Kant
Mills
Plato
1 points

QUESTION 99
You are a police officer who responds to a call for service for a mentally handicapped teenager standing in the middle of a busy roadway with a large stick. You respond and attempt to remove the stick from the teens hands and move her out of the roadway. She swings the stick and hits you several times. What is the teen lacking?
Sense…the police carry a gun and an asp baton-what is she thinking?
Parental guidance-if her parents were present, she surely would not behave like this.
A gun….who would bring a stick to a gun fight?
Ethical awareness-she does not have the mental capacity to process what is right versus what is wrong.
1 points

QUESTION 100
__________ views pleasure (only) as the ultimate virtue. Furthermore, it may include pleasure in physical gratification of the senses-such a craving/eating chocolate or having sex.
Stoicism
Hedonism
virtue ethics
moralism

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