In 1675, what happened to Po-pe and 47 other Pueblo Indians of New Mexico (that would lead five years later to a successful Indian revolt against the Spanish)?
In 1675, the Spanish authorities arrested several Pueblo Indians on charges of sorcery and “witchcraft,” among whom was a man named Po’pay (also known as Pope). The Pueblo people suffered under Spanish rule due to harsh forced labor practices, suppression of their traditional religious practices, and recurrent epidemics of European diseases. The Spanish viewed the Pueblo religious practices as heresy and often took brutal measures to stamp out what they perceived as pagan rituals.
Several accused Pueblo individuals were flogged, and four were hanged. Po’pay was among those who were whipped and then released. This incident further incensed the Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers.
After his release, Po’pay became one of the key leaders of what would become the Pueblo Revolt in 1680. Under the coordination of Po’pay and other leaders from different Pueblo villages, the Pueblo people launched a coordinated rebellion against the Spanish colonizers. This revolt drove the Spanish out of present-day New Mexico for around 12 years until they reestablished control in 1692. The Pueblo Revolt is one of the most significant instances of Native American resistance to European colonization in North American history.
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